Laminated glass is probably the improved security in the industry's most important car since the seat belt. Prevents more injuries than seat belts every year. Laminated glass is used in a variety of industries around the world, but the best known is the automotive industry. The laminated glass used in windshields mainly because it is almost impossible to break into pieces or chips, thus keeping the driver and passengers safe from flying glass fragments.
Structurally, there are three layers needed to fabricate laminated glass. There are two sheets of glass every day, such as window glass, and the third layer, which is sandwiched between two layers of glass, is a substrate that adheres to glass. Both pieces of glass must be cut to size, then be perfectly clean and free of dust or debris. Dust or debris of any kind to endanger the integrity of laminated glass, causing it to break, or even alter the driver's vision when used in the windshield. There are often many more layers of glass and the substrate used in applications other than the car's windshield.
Only after both parts are perfectly clean glass substrate is heat close to them. A substrate is a type of plastic known as polyvinyl butyral or PVB. There are two lesser-known types of substrate used in the manufacture of laminated glass, polyurethane and ethylene vinyl. The first glass substrates used to create safety were based on cellulose, and obscured the sun, which impairs the driver's vision. There have been many attempts to use liquid substrates, but the cost of using chemicals to harden or exposing them to UV light is very expensive and is no longer a solution for use in the automotive industry because of cost cost prohibitive.
Substrates should be applied to the glass in a climate controlled environment. The temperature and humidity play an important role if the substrate is adhered to the glass. Surprisingly, the substrate is applied by hand, one of the few jobs in the automotive industry are less mechanized. The substrate is glued to the bottom sheet of glass, and then the top layer of glass is placed on the substrate and the bottom layer of glass, making a sandwich. Any excess of substrate is cut into the glass around the edges. To make the windshield clear and safe as possible, the automotive industry requires only three layers of the windscreen, the two layers of glass and a layer of substrate. Other industries that require more layers of glass and the substrate.
Air bubbles are a problem to be addressed in the development of laminated glass. Air bubbles form no matter how perfectly done the rolling process. The method to remove the bubbles is to heat the glass, then press the bubbles with a roll of the mainstream media. This pushes the bubbles to the edge of the cup, where they are released. This process is usually repeated several times before the glass is free of air bubbles.
The last step in creating laminated glass is to place the object, in this case, the windshield, in an autoclave. The heat bonds the layers more autoclave, together with the heat. The windshield must remain in the autoclave during the time indicated to ensure proper bonding of the glass and the substrate. Rolling processes to heat and autoclave force some of the substrates out around the edges of the glass sandwich. This excess is trimmed around the edges of the glass.
After the windshield out of the machine and the substrate is autoclave trim the excess edges of the glass, is inspected. Inspectors search for any imperfections in the crystal, as a dark spot, an air bubble, or a crack in the glass. If the windshield pass inspection, you are ready to be sent to automakers worldwide.
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